Assignment on C++

Assignment:-02

1. Differentiate while from do-while.
Ans:-

2. Define user defined data types .

Ans:-User-Defined DataTypes:

The data types that are defined by the user are called the derived datatype or user-defined derived data type.
These types include:

• Class
• Structure
• Union
• Enumeration
• Typedef defined DataType

Below is the detailed description of the following types:

1. Class: The building block of C++ that leads to Object-Oriented programming is a Class. It is a user-defined data type, which holds its own data members and member functions, which can be accessed and used by creating an instance of that class. A class is like a blueprint for an object.
   Syntax:
   
   Example:
   
   

   
   

   
   

   // C++ program to demonstrate // Class    #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std;    class Geeks {     // Access specifier public:     // Data Members     string geekname;        // Member Functions()     void printname()     {         cout << "Geekname is: " << geekname;     } };    int main() {        // Declare an object of class geeks     Geeks obj1;        // accessing data member     obj1.geekname = "GeeksForGeeks";        // accessing member function     obj1.printname();        return 0; }

   Output:
   

   Geekname is: GeeksForGeeks
   

2. Structure: A structure is a user defined data type in C/C++. A structure creates a data type that can be used to group items of possibly different types into a single type.
   Syntax:

   struct address {
       char name[50];
       char street[100];
       char city[50];
       char state[20];
       int pin;
   };

   Example:
   
   

   // C++ program to demonstrate // Structures in C++    #include <iostream> using namespace std;    struct Point {     int x, y; };    int main() {     // Create an array of structures     struct Point arr[10];        // Access array members     arr[0].x = 10;     arr[0].y = 20;        cout << arr[0].x << ", " << arr[0].y;        return 0; }

   Output:
   

   10, 20
   

3. Union: Like Structures, union is a user defined data type. In union, all members share the same memory location. For example in the following C program, both x and y share the same location. If we change x, we can see the changes being reflected in y.
   
   

   #include <iostream> using namespace std;    // Declaration of union is same as the structures union test {     int x, y; };    int main() {     // A union variable t     union test t;        // t.y also gets value 2     t.x = 2;        cout << "After making x = 2:"          << endl          << "x = " << t.x          << ", y = " << t.y          << endl;        // t.x is also updated to 10     t.y = 10;        cout << "After making Y = 10:"          << endl          << "x = " << t.x          << ", y = " << t.y          << endl;        return 0; }

   Output:
   

   After making x = 2:
   x = 2, y = 2
   After making Y = 10:
   x = 10, y = 10
   

4. Enumeration: Enumeration (or enum) is a user defined data type in C. It is mainly used to assign names to integral constants, the names make a program easy to read and maintain.
   Syntax:

   enum State {Working = 1, Failed = 0}; 

   
   

   // Program to demonstrate working // of enum in C++    #include <iostream> using namespace std;    enum week { Mon,             Tue,             Wed,             Thur,             Fri,             Sat,             Sun };    int main() {     enum week day;        day = Wed;        cout << day;        return 0; }

   Output:
   

   2
   

5. Typedef : C++ allows you to define explicitly new data type names by using the keyword typedef. Using typedef does not actually create a new data class, rather it defines a name for an existing type. This can increase the portability(the ability of a program to be used across different types of machines; i.e., mini, mainframe, micro, etc; without much changes into the code)of a program as only the typedef statements would have to be changed. Using typedef one can also aid in self-documenting code by allowing descriptive names for the standard data types.
   Syntax:

   typedef type name;

   where type is any C++ data type and name is the new name for this data type.
   This defines another name for the standard type of C++.
   Example:
   
   

   // C++ program to demonstrate typedef #include <iostream> using namespace std;    // After this line BYTE can be used // in place of unsigned char typedef unsigned char BYTE;    int main() {     BYTE b1, b2;     b1 = 'c';     cout << " " << b1;     return 0; }

   Output:
   

   c

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